Discovering U.S. History: Resources and News
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Monday, August 29, 2005

“Confounding Machines” and Making Things Simple: Frightening on Many Levels

“Confounding Machines: How the Future Looked,” The New York Times, Sunday, 28 August 2005, Section 4, p. 12. Cited as coming from a 1915 interview with D. W. Griffith. This piece suggests things we must be concerned about.


The time will come, and in less than 10 years, when the children in the public schools will be taught practically everything by moving pictures. Certainly they will never be obliged to read history again.

Imagine a public library of the near future, for instance. There will be long rows of boxes of pillars, properly classified and indexed, of course. At each box a push button and before each box a seat. Suppose you wish to “read up” on a certain episode in Napoleon’s life.

Instead of consulting all the authorities, laboriously through a host of books, and ending bewildered, without a clear idea of exactly what did happen and confused at every point by conflicting opinions about what did happen, you will merely seat yourself at a properly adjusted window, in a scientifically prepared room, press the button, and actually see what happened.

For the complete article search the archives of The New York Times, http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nytimes/advancedsearch.html. The index does not provide a full preview, but intuition suggests that the piece entitled “Five Dollar Movies Prophesied” by Richard Barry and dated 28 March 1915 (pg. SM16, 1) is probably the one. To check this out, consult the corresponding microfilm. Check the resources and search options noted at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/nytimes.html. The full text is also available on the Web and easily retrieved by a Google search. Read it at http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/12_nyt03.htm.

For a biography of Griffith, search the American National Biography http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/anbio.html. And for some insight into his filmmaking and political views search America: History and Life http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/am_history_life.html. You’ll find not less than 46 citations -- and after reading some of the abstracts alone -- have a good idea of what Griffith believed about a host of things and even the context of his beliefs. A recent article of Griffith interest is: Eric Niderost, The Birth of a Nation," American History 40, no. 4 (October 2005): 60-67, 78, 80. For books do a subject search using the subject heading: Griffith, D. W. (David Wark), 1875–1948.

Thursday, August 25, 2005

Save Money through Comparative Shopping for Books

Time to buy books for your courses? It can get expensive. Try comparative shopping with isbn.nu at http://isbn.nu. This Web service “offers a quick way to compare the prices of any in-print and many out-of-print books at 14 online bookstores.” A powerful search engine supports your quest for savings.

Tuesday, August 23, 2005

Early American Imprints, 1639-1819 (Evans and Shaw-Shoemaker) -- Online

Through 30 September we have a trial to Early American Imprints – the digital version. What is it? Please jump to the second paragraph. To access it go to the University Libraries' Trial Databases Page at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/freetrials.html (Early American Imprints is listed first) and click on the words click here. This is a trial for the UB community: patrons will need to enter their UB Card library number and password to retrieve the sign-on information to access the trial. Your UB Card library number is 14 numbers long and begins with 29072. Enter this complete number as your User Name (without dashes or spaces) and beneath it -- as your Password -- enter the first letter of your first name and the first letter of your last name, both capitalized. This will retrieve a screen that displays the special User Name and Password you must use to access the trial. Now click on the link above this information and use the given User Name and Password. (Please contact me if you have difficulty accessing the trial.) Note that the components that comprise Early American Imprints (Evans, 1639-1800 and Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819) would cost us something approaching $200,000, to which must be added a $2,000 annual maintenance fee for each collection. Both are in progress. Nonetheless, this isn't unusual. These kinds of collections are increasingly coming to market and they are never inexpensive, but they are incredible in their potential. Disregard the price for a moment: Is this something we should hope for and "work" toward? Please comment.

For years the microform collection Early American Imprints -- covering American non-serial publications from 1639 through 1819 -- has been a vital resource for students of early America. Many of the major texts noted in the bibliographies (on which the collection is based) have been reprinted, and researchers wishing to use the entire collection in one easily accessed package have had the option of visiting Buffalo State's Butler Library, which holds the corresponding microform collection. This is a large collection in microform (actually microprint), and even larger in its digital edition. In total, nearly 75,000 items will be included (books, broadsides, pamphlets, government materials). Also included will be the works of European authors reprinted for the American book trade. Thousands of items not reproduced in the microform edition will be included in this edition. To be sure, the digital collection is convenient; but -- because of its search capabilities -- it is far more than that. For some researchers it promises to be revolutionary and transformative. Each item is thoroughly cataloged and the database is searchable by fields (title, subjects, genres, author, place of publication, publisher, year of publication). Further, the full text of each document is searchable using Boolean and proximity operators (and, or, not, adj, near). Wildcard searching is also supported -- this is actually critical for a period when Brown is Browne, clerk is cleark, and rails is rayls. Documents are displayed in facsimile and may be printed in multiple 25 page blocks (see the directions). Incidentally, the Help screens are excellent: clear, concise, and easily followed.

Early American Imprints is complemented by the American Periodicals Series Online http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/aps.html and Early English Books http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/eeb.html. The latter includes books published in the American colonies. Note that early American government documents are now available to the UB community through the U.S. Congressional Serial Set (1817-1980), with American State Papers (1789-1838) http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/serial_set.html. Finally, in the future we will want to trial Early American Newspapers (1690-1876) http://www.readex.com/scholarl/earlamnp.html. Note that we hold this newspaper collection in microform, but the online version will be truly remarkable.

The man who began it all: Charles Evans accomplished what was assumed to be impossible and he did it without a computer! For a biography of Evans, visit the American National Biography http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/anbio.html

. . . with dim job prospects, and aged fifty-one, Evans decided to devote all his time to completing this project. His announcement of the imminent completion of volume one of The American Bibliography: A Chronological Dictionary of All Books, Pamphlets and Periodical Publications Printed in the United States of America from the Genesis of Printing in 1639 Down to and Including the Year 1820 . . . was greeted with general skepticism. It was generally felt that such a massive undertaking would be beyond the capabilities of one who had not yet made a significant mark in bibliographical studies. However, Evans with immense determination and supreme self-confidence single-mindedly committed himself to the task. In addition to the scholarly work of identifying and annotating all citations, he assumed such practical tasks as selecting the paper and binding, finding the most economical printers, even mailing the orders and looking after the billing. Acquiring the money to finance each volume was an ongoing problem, with Evans continually striving to obtain loans and find sufficient subscribers. The first volume . . . was published in November 1903. – From the American National Biography

Thursday, August 11, 2005

The Buffalo and Erie County Public Library (BECPL) Exhibits “The Map that Changed the World”

Not American history; but it will be complemented by explorations of the local environment.

The Map That Changed the World. This exhibit will highlight a treasure held in the rare book collection of BECPL http://www.buffalolib.org/ : a map created in 1815 by English surveyor William Smith (1769-1839). A Search of Historical Abstracts http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/histabst.html finds 7 citations to pertinent reviews and articles. For a brief biography visit the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/ODNB.html. The map presents the strata levels beneath Great Britain. This unique map influenced the Industrial Revolution as well as supported some of Charles Darwin’s theories. Dr. Tracey Gregg of UB’s geology department http://www.geology.buffalo.edu/ notes, “Without this map, life as we know it today would not exist.”

The BECPL map is one of only 40 extant and is esteemed for its stunning, hand-coloring and detailed notations on the geology of Great Britain.

This exhibit will "reach" the community through a variety of programs, lectures, and fundraising events. The exhibit and associated programming begins with a gala event on September 14: a dinner and lecture given by Simon Winchester. His book of the same name – The Map that Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology (HaperColllins, 2001) -- tells William Smith’s story.

Born to humble parents, Smith was also a child of the Industrial Revolution (the year of his birth, 1769, also saw Josiah Wedgwood open his great factory, Etruria, Richard Arkwright create his first water-powered cotton-spinning frame, and James Watt receive the patent for the first condensing steam engine). While working as surveyor in a coal mine, Smith noticed the abrupt changes in the layers of rock as he was lowered into the depths. He came to understand that the different layers--in part as revealed by the fossils they contained--always appeared in the same order, no matter where they were found. He also realized that geology required a three-dimensional approach. Smith spent the next 20 some years traveling throughout Britain, observing the land, gathering data, and chattering away about his theories to those he met along the way, thus acquiring the nickname "Strata Smith." In 1815 he published his masterpiece: an 8.5- by 6-foot, hand-tinted map revealing "A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales." – Amazon.com

Additionally, Winchester will give a talk the following day – September 15 -- on his latest book, The Crack at the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906 (HaperCollins, 2005).

In the early morning hours of April 18, 1906, San Francisco and a string of towns to its north-northwest and the south-southeast were overcome by an enormous shaking that was compounded by the violent shocks of an earthquake, registering 8.25 on the Richter scale. The quake resulted from a rupture in a part of the San Andreas fault, which lies underneath the earth's surface along the northern coast of California. Lasting little more than a minute, the earthquake wrecked 490 blocks, toppled a total of 25,000 buildings, broke open gas mains, cut off electric power lines throughout the Bay area, and effectively destroyed the gold rush capital that had stood there for a half century. – Book Description

The Library will be a hub of activity throughout this first week. The community will be invited to participate in school field trips, as well as a Thursday night Lecture Series, and a Saturday Family Program Series from 11 am to 2 pm September 17 through the exhibit’s end on December 31, 2005. These programs, tailored for elementary age students, will be held at the Central Library and at various off-site locations, and will include exciting activities such as story times with William Smith, hands-on geologic activities, and digs at the Penn-Dixie Archeology Site and Niagara Gorge.

Wednesday, August 10, 2005

The Anniversary of Two Atomic Bombs

"Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy.” So began the official White House press release on the dropping of the first atomic bomb (August 6, 1945) -- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/truman/psources/ps_pressrelease.html. A Hiroshima survivor recalls the event -- http://www.voanews.com/english/AmericanLife/2005-08-05-voa38.cfm. Royal Air Force Group Captain Leonard Cheshire witnessed the dropping of the bomb on Nagasaki three days later (August 9, 1945). In a taped interview he explains the event --
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/9/newsid_3580000/3580143.stm

For background use the Subject option of History Resource Center: U.S. http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/hrc.html. Try Hiroshima in the query box. Be sure to also visit and search About.com http://www.about.com/

For a wealth of information on Hirsohima go to http://www.lclark.edu/~history/HIROSHIMA/directory.html. For material and information on Nagasaki go to http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/na-bomb/museum/museume01.html. For pertinent Web sites search History Matters http://historymatters.gmu.edu/browse/wwwhistory/.

These two events are covered by books catalogued under many subject headings (learn how to use Library of Congress Subject Headings at http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/fi_books_sh.htm#brb). Headings include:

Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945
Nagasaki-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945
Atomic Bomb victims--Japan
Atomic bomb--Moral and ethical aspects
Atomic bomb--Japan--Psychological aspects
Radioactive decontamination--Japan
Nuclear warfare in art
Art and nuclear warfare--Japan
Enola Gay (Bomber)
Atomic bomb--History--United States


And, of course, the body of scholarly journal literature is enormous. A subject search of America: History and Life http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/am_history_life.html for pieces about both or either of the bombed cities finds 72 citations (articles, reviews, and dissertations). A subject search in AHL for Truman and the bomb finds 51 citations.

To find contemporary photographs visit AccuNet/Ap Multimedia Archive http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/photo.html and for contemporary and period photographs try Google "image search" http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi&q=. And, of course there are many hardcopy sources for images, try the keyword catalog searches:

Hiroshima.su. and pictorial.su.
Nagasaki.su. and pictorial.su.
Manhattan Project.su. and pictorial.su.

Explore President Truman's public papers at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/. Find newspaper coverage, among other places, by searching the archival index to the New York Times, produced by the NYT (we have the paper on microfilm) http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nytimes/advancedsearch.html.

Modern (and Older) Photos of America’s Civil War Sites

Modern (and Older) Photos of America’s Civil War Sites
http://www.civilwaralbum.com/

While few have been able to travel so widely across the venues of Civil War America as this corps of amateur photographers, anyone with a computer can now vicariously enjoy the thrill. “Assembled here is a collection of over 2,000 pages including 5,900 modern photos and panoramas of Civil War sites. The photos and narrative were provided by the Webmaster as well as over 50 contributors between 1990 and July 2005. Included are numerous wartime photos, as well as several official records, reports and maps. Because of the rapid growth and extensive content of CivilWarAlbum.com the site is best viewed with a broadband connection.” The panoramas are especially good.

For other civil photographs on the Web try Selected Civil War Photographs http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphome.html . This collection "contains 1,118 photographs. Most of the images were made under the supervision of Mathew B. Brady , and include scenes of military personnel, preparations for battle, and battle after-effects. The collection also includes portraits of both Confederate and Union officers, and a selection of enlisted men." It may be searched by keywords and may be browsed by subject. For print photograph collections use the Library of Congress subject heading United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works. This will also find commentary. For a primer on the interpretation of photographic evidence visit Making Sense of Documentary Photography http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mse/Photos/ (History Matters http://historymatters.gmu.edu/browse/makesense/).

Tuesday, August 09, 2005

Alexander Hamilton: The Man Who Made Modern America

“Alexander Hamilton: The Man Who Made Modern America (New-York Historical Society, September 10, 2004-February 28, 2005) acquainted visitors with a statesman and visionary whose life inspired discussion and controversy and shaped the America we live in two hundred years after his death.” It was curated by writer and historian Richard Brookhiser -- author of Alexander Hamilton, American (Free Press, 1999; Lockwood Book Collection E302.6.H2B76 1999) -- who was supported by a team of curators and specialists from the New-York Historical Society http://www.nyhistory.org/, the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History (New York City) http://www.gilderlehrman.org/, and other institutions. Soon a panel exhibit will tour the nation. The Web exhibit http://www.alexanderhamiltonexhibition.com/ is intelligent, elegant, and a demonstration of the adroit use of a spectrum of online exhibit presentation forms. In short, it should serve as a model for exhibit designers.

Friday, August 05, 2005

Perspectives on the Iraq War

Blogs make communication a possibilitility for just about anyone and enable bloggers to escape the censorship practiced in traditional commercial media. Of course, anyone can blog, so truth as well as falsehood may be dessiminated more easily than through major commerical channels. For information on the Iraq war see Paul S. Piper and Miguel Ramos, "Blogs of War," Searcher 13, no. 2 (February 2005): 15-22. Searcher: The Magazine for Database Professionals http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/default.shtml. Articles are also accessible through sources identified using BISON's Electronic Journals search engine http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/ft.html.

Indexes to consult for non-standard perspectives are Alternative Press Index http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/api.html and Left Index http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/leftindex.html. For the perspectives of other nations use World News Connection http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/wnc.html. Complement these sources with the list available at http://www.world-newspapers.com/alternative-news.html. WNC “covers news broadcasts [and print media] from throughout the world. The Central Intelligence Agency and its contractors translate this information into English. Emphasis is upon popular, newsworthy topics that deal with political, social, and economic issues throughout the world.” For links to international news sources try News Sources http://www.antiwar.com/sources.html. Note “antiwar” in the URL. For the specific perspective of the U.S. Defense Department go to http://www.defenselink.mil/news/other.html. Among sources prepared at the University is a guide to terrorism resources http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/terrorism.html. For general news sources try Current Events/News http://libweb.lib.buffalo.edu/infotree/resourcesbysubject.asp?subject=Current+Events+/+News.

Wednesday, August 03, 2005

The Atlantic World and Atlantic Studies: Literary, Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Europe, Africa and the Americas (v.1, 2004- )

The emergence of the focus as a field is obvious from a crudely simple search of Historical Abstracts, http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/histabst.html and America: History and Life, http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/am_history_life.html. Using “Atlantic world” as a phrase retrieves 98 citations in Historical Abstracts and 155 citations in America: History and Life. A Google search finds 76,700 pages. When searching Google, use the form "atlantic world", that is, remember to use parentheses. A WorldCat http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/worldcat.html search retrieves 93 citations from a Notes/Comments defined search (these are for essays in books) and 182 citations for books doing a simple Title search. A search of the MLA Bibliography http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/mla.html find 12 items. Searching in JStor http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/jstor.html across history journals for the Exact Phrase, but without restriction to location, finds 306 articles; restricting the phrase to appearance in the title retrieves 4 articles. Needless to say, appearance of the phrase is not the whole story, but neither is it meaningless. The categorization is revealing.

Atlantic Studies is available to us in electronic format. Find it by consulting the Electronic Journals search engine, http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/ft.html. It’s published on behalf of The Society for Multi-Ethnic Studies: Europe and the Americas (MESEA). Visit MESEA’s Web site at http://www.mesea.org/. “The Society promotes the study of the ethnic cultures of Europe and the Americas in their circum-Atlantic relations from a transdisciplinary literary, historical and cultural studies perspective.”

Atlantic Studies focuses on the Atlantic “as an arena of cultural change and exchange, translation and interference, communication and passage.” Among its editors, advisory board, and editorial board are scholars from the United States, Canada, Europe, Latin America, and elsewhere. Some recent articles include: “C.L.R. James’s American Civilization,” “’I’ll Teach You How to Flow’: On Figuring Out Atlantic Studies,” and “The Atlantic as Metaphor.” Contributions have a literary emphasis, reflecting the genealogy of the sponsoring organization.

Tuesday, August 02, 2005

Cooperation Makes History Electronic: The History Cooperative

The History Cooperative, http://www.historycooperative.org/, is a pioneering effort of the American Historical Association, the Organization of American Historians, the University of Illinois Press, and the National Academies Press. Its primary purpose is to make the content of scholarly historical journals readily available. For some titles no subscription is required; for others, you or your instittuion must be a subscriber, otherwise you may purchase a Research Pass, see http://www.historycooperative.org/access.html. A search engine supports research across a single journal or all journals. Full Boolean searching and more is supported; but be sure to review the Tips for Effective Searching, http://www.historycooperative.org/search-tips.html. Backfiles for some titles, picking up where Cooperative backfiles stop, are available through JStor, http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/e-resources/jstor.html. In addition to journal content, links are provided to a growing conference proceedings collection, links to resources of the Center for History and New Media, map resources, and the digitized version of the Booker T. Washington Papers.

Journals currently available though The Cooperative include: the American Historical Review (see its electronic projects at http://www.historycooperative.org/ahr/elec-projects.html), Common-place, Environmental History, History of Education Quarterly, The History Teacher, Indiana Magazine of History, Journal of American History, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, Journal of World History, Labour History, Labour/Le Travail, Law and History Review, Massachusetts Historical Review, Oral History Review, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Western Historical Quarterly, William and Mary Quarterly, and World History Connected.

The latter – World History Connected – is an e-journal devoted to scholarship and teaching, specifically for teachers of world history. There have been three issues thus far. Another title not generally widely known is Common-place, an e-journal sponsored by the American Antiquarian Society and the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. “Common-place's features are lively essays designed to engage a broad audience of people interested in early American life.”